Ukuguqulwa kombala wesikhumba okungavamile - i-chloasma

I-Chloasma isifo esivame kakhulu sokushintsha umbala wesikhumba emtholampilo. Sivame ukwenzeka kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala, futhi singabonakala nakwabesilisa abangaziwa kangako. Sibonakala ngokushintsha umbala olinganayo ezihlathini, ebunzini nasezihlathini, ikakhulukazi ngesimo samaphiko evemvane. Siphuzi kancane noma nsundu okhanyayo, onsundu omnyama kakhulu noma omnyama okhanyayo.

Cishe zonke izinhlanga ezincane nezinhlanga zingaba nalesi sifo, kodwa izindawo ezichayeke kakhulu emisebeni yelanga, njengeLatin America, i-Asia, ne-Afrika, zinezinga eliphezulu lokutheleleka. Iningi leziguli liba nalesi sifo eminyakeni yabo engama-30 nengama-40, kanti izinga lokutheleleka kwabaneminyaka engama-40 nengama-50 lingu-14% kanye no-16%, ngokulandelana. Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo baqala ekuqaleni, abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama bakhula kamuva, ngisho nangemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Ucwaningo oluvela kubantu abancane eLatin America lubonisa izinga lokutheleleka elingu-4% kuya ku-10%, u-50% kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye no-10% kwabesilisa.

Ngokwendawo yokusabalala kwayo, i-melasma ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu zezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa ubuso obuphakathi (okubandakanya ibunzi, umgogodla wekhala, izihlathi, njll.), i-zygomatic kanye ne-mandible, kanti amazinga okusabalala angama-65%, 20%, kanye no-15%, ngokulandelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifo zesikhumba ezingavamile, njenge-idiopathic periorbital skin pigmentation, kucatshangwa ukuthi zihlotshaniswa ne-melasma. Ngokwendawo yokufaka i-melanin esikhumbeni, i-melasma ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ze-epidermal, dermal kanye nezinhlobo ezixubile, phakathi kwazo uhlobo lwe-epidermal oluvame kakhulu, kanti uhlobo oluxubile lungenzeka kakhulu,Isibani sikaWoodkuyasiza ekuboneni izinhlobo zezokwelapha. Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo lwe-epidermal lunsundu ngokukhanyayo ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-Wood; uhlobo lwe-dermal lumpunga ngokukhanyayo noma luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokukhanyayo ngaphansi kwamehlo angenalutho, futhi umehluko awubonakali ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-Wood. Ukuhlukaniswa okunembile kwe-melasma kuyazuzisa ekukhetheni ukwelashwa kamuva.