Izifundo zamuva nje zidonsele ukunaka ekuxhumaneni phakathi kokuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV) kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zokushintsha umbala esikhumbeni. Abacwaningi bebelokhu bazi ukuthi imisebe ye-UV evela elangeni ingabangela ukushiswa yilanga futhi yandise ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi obandayo busikisela ukuthi le misebe ingabangela nokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-melanin, umbala onikeza isikhumba umbala waso, okuholela ekubonakaleni kwamabala amnyama noma amabala esikhumbeni.
Esinye isifo esivamile sokushintsha umbala okukholakala ukuthi sihlobene nokuchayeka ku-UV yi-melasma, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-chloasma. Lesi simo sibonakala ngokuvela kwamabala ansundu noma ampunga ebusweni, ngokuvamile ngendlela elinganayo, futhi sivame ukubonakala kwabesifazane. Nakuba imbangela eqondile ye-melasma ingaziwa, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-hormone, izakhi zofuzo, kanye nemisebe ye-UV konke kuyizinto ezibangela lokhu.
Olunye uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kombala oluhlotshaniswa nokuchayeka kwe-UV yi-post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isikhumba sivuvukala, njengasendabeni ye-acne noma i-eczema, futhi ama-melanocyte endaweni ethintekile akhiqiza i-melanin eningi. Ngenxa yalokho, amabala anombala oshintshile noma amabala angase ahlale esikhumbeni ngemva kokuba ukuvuvukala sekuphelile.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwemisebe ye-UV kanye nezinkinga zokushintsha umbala kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuvikela isikhumba emisebeni yelanga eyingozi. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela, njengezikibha ezinemikhono emide nezigqoko, nokusebenzisa isivikelo selanga esine-SPF okungenani engu-30. Kubalulekile futhi ukugwema ukuchayeka isikhathi eside elangeni, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezimatasa lapho inkomba ye-UV iphezulu.
Kulabo asebevele benenkinga yokushintsha umbala, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama noma amabala. Lokhu kufaka phakathi okhilimu besikhumba abaqukethe izithako ezifana ne-hydroquinone noma i-retinoids, ama-chemical peels, kanye nokwelashwa nge-laser. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nodokotela wesikhumba ukuze kutholakale indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha, njengoba ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingase zingafaneleki ezinhlotsheni ezithile zesikhumba noma zingabangela imiphumela emibi.
Nakuba ubudlelwano phakathi kwemisebe ye-UV kanye nezinkinga zokushintsha umbala kungaba yinto ekhathazayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo zokushintsha umbala eziyingozi noma ezibonisa inkinga enkulu yezempilo. Isibonelo, ama-freckles, angamaqoqo e-melanin avela esikhumbeni, ngokuvamile awayona ingozi futhi awadingi ukwelashwa.
Ekuphetheni, ukuxhumana phakathi kwemisebe ye-UV kanyeizinkinga zokushintsha umbalakugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuvikela isikhumba emisebeni yelanga eyingozi. Ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezilula zokuqapha njengokugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela nokusebenzisa umuthi wokuvikela ilanga, abantu bangasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yabo yokuthola izifo zokushintsha umbala kanye nezinye izinkinga zesikhumba ezihlobene nelanga. Uma kuvela ukukhathazeka, kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela wesikhumba ukuze kutholakale indlela yokwelashwa engcono kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-26-2023
